Evaluating the Role of Glycemic Control in Modulating Pulmonary Function Among Smokers With Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) impacts multiple body systems, including lung function, and this impact can be further complicated by smoking. The connection between blood sugar control and lung health in individuals with diabetes who smoke has been extensively studied, but findings have been varied. This systematic review sought to compile and assess the research on how blood sugar control influences lung function in smokers with diabetes. METHODS: We searched several databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar, in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We included studies that looked at lung function tests in smokers with diabetes and examined the relationship with blood sugar control, as indicated by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. We conducted thorough quality assessments, data extraction, and analysis. RESULTS: We identified five relevant studies. The data from these studies indicated a clear trend: smokers with diabetes who had higher HbA1c levels typically showed worse lung function than those with better blood sugar control. Decreases in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were the most frequently observed issues. Some studies also pointed to a complex relationship between HbA1c levels and lung function, particularly when HbA1c was below 7.0%. CONCLUSION: Our review indicates that smokers with DM who have poor blood sugar control tend to have worse lung function. These findings highlight the importance of managing blood sugar to help maintain lung health in these individuals. Further long-term research is needed to clarify the exact relationship and whether improving blood sugar control can reverse lung problems.

Comparison of the Clinical Efficacy of Herbal, Chlorhexidine, and Normal Saline Mouthwash in the Management of Chronic Gingivitis.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of chronic gingivitis, a widespread inflammatory condition of the gums, is considerable across the demographic spectrum, with potential progression to advanced periodontal pathology in the absence of intervention. The objective of this investigation was to conduct a comparative analysis of the clinical effectiveness of various oral rinses in mitigating the symptoms of chronic gingivitis. METHODS: This empirical study was conducted within the confines of the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology. A cohort of 60 individuals diagnosed with chronic gingivitis, ranging from 18 to 45 years of age and inclusive of all sexes, was systematically selected for participation. RESULTS: Quantitative analysis yielded data indicating that the mean score on the gingival index was minimally recorded for participants utilizing herbal mouthwash (HO), in contrast to those administered with normal saline (NS), which displayed the highest mean score. A corresponding trend was observed with the plaque index, where the HO users exhibited the lowest mean values, as opposed to the NS cohort, which demonstrated the highest. CONCLUSION: Employing post-hoc statistical evaluations, a pronounced disparity in the mean gingival index was discerned favoring the chlorhexidine (CHX) and HO groups over the NS group. No statistical significance was detected in the comparative mean gingival index between the CHX and HO cohorts. This pattern of findings was paralleled in the plaque index assessments, where the NS group's values were significantly elevated relative to those of both the CHX and HO groups.

Biocompatibility of 3D-Printed Dental Resins: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: The biocompatibility of 3D-printed dental resins has become a critical concern in modern dentistry due to the increasing utilization of additive manufacturing (AM) techniques in dental applications. These resins serve as essential materials for fabricating dental prostheses, orthodontic devices, and various dental components. As the clinical adoption of 3D printing in dentistry grows, it is imperative to comprehensively assess the biocompatibility of these materials to ensure patient safety and dental treatment efficacy. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the existing body of literature on the biocompatibility of 3D-printed dental resins, thereby providing valuable insights into the potential biological risks associated with their use. METHODS: The search strategy to identify relevant papers was implemented across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies. Study selection was not limited to any particular timeframe of publishing. The revised CONSORT criteria were used to ascertain the authenticity and dependability of the review's outcomes. Comprehensive screening and eligibility assessment processes were conducted to select studies meeting predefined criteria. Biocompatibility-related parameters, including toxicity, mechanical properties, cell viability, and other relevant outcomes, were analyzed across selected studies using a standardized variable extraction protocol. RESULTS: A total of 9 studies were included in the systematic review. The findings encompassed various aspects of biocompatibility assessment, including material composition, mechanical properties, cell viability, and cytotoxicity. Some studies revealed significant improvements in flexural strength and cell viability with specific resin formulations, demonstrating their potential for enhanced clinical utility. Conversely, certain resins exhibited cytotoxicity, while others displayed promising biocompatibility profiles. CONCLUSION: As per the assessed findings, material composition, post-processing techniques, and manufacturing methods emerged as critical factors influencing biocompatibility outcomes. While some resins exhibited favorable biocompatibility profiles, others raised concerns due to cytotoxicity. These findings emphasize the need for careful consideration when selecting and implementing 3D-printed dental resins, with a focus on materials engineering and comprehensive biocompatibility testing. Further research is warranted to elucidate the long-term biocompatibility and clinical implications of these materials.

Prosthodontic Rehabilitation With Kennedy's Class I and Class II Using an Extended Precision Attachment: A Report of Two Cases.

Satisfactory restorations can be difficult in partially edentulous patients, especially those with unilateral or bilateral posterior ocular defects. With traditional and modern treatment options, recovery can be successful. Partial dentures with attachments are such a treatment. An implant-supported prosthesis is another option for therapy in these circumstances. Precision extracoronary attachments are the preferred treatment option when implant treatment does not give good results. This research offers two examples of partial cast prosthetic rehabilitation for distal extension utilizing precise attachments.

Audio-visual multi-modality driven hybrid feature learning model for crowd analysis and classification.

The high pace emergence in advanced software systems, low-cost hardware and decentralized cloud computing technologies have broadened the horizon for vision-based surveillance, monitoring and control. However, complex and inferior feature learning over visual artefacts or video streams, especially under extreme conditions confine majority of the at-hand vision-based crowd analysis and classification systems. Retrieving event-sensitive or crowd-type sensitive spatio-temporal features for the different crowd types under extreme conditions is a highly complex task. Consequently, it results in lower accuracy and hence low reliability that confines existing methods for real-time crowd analysis. Despite numerous efforts in vision-based approaches, the lack of acoustic cues often creates ambiguity in crowd classification. On the other hand, the strategic amalgamation of audio-visual features can enable accurate and reliable crowd analysis and classification. Considering it as motivation, in this research a novel audio-visual multi-modality driven hybrid feature learning model is developed for crowd analysis and classification. In this work, a hybrid feature extraction model was applied to extract deep spatio-temporal features by using Gray-Level Co-occurrence Metrics (GLCM) and AlexNet transferrable learning model. Once extracting the different GLCM features and AlexNet deep features, horizontal concatenation was done to fuse the different feature sets. Similarly, for acoustic feature extraction, the audio samples (from the input video) were processed for static (fixed size) sampling, pre-emphasis, block framing and Hann windowing, followed by acoustic feature extraction like GTCC, GTCC-Delta, GTCC-Delta-Delta, MFCC, Spectral Entropy, Spectral Flux, Spectral Slope and Harmonics to Noise Ratio (HNR). Finally, the extracted audio-visual features were fused to yield a composite multi-modal feature set, which is processed for classification using the random forest ensemble classifier. The multi-class classification yields a crowd-classification accurac12529y of (98.26%), precision (98.89%), sensitivity (94.82%), specificity (95.57%), and F-Measure of 98.84%. The robustness of the proposed multi-modality-based crowd analysis model confirms its suitability towards real-world crowd detection and classification tasks.

Radiographical Evaluation of Morphological Alterations of Mandibular Third Molars: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Study.

Introduction  Morphological changes or variations in the lower third molar can be of concern during the endodontic, orthodontic, or prosthetic intervention. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the morphological alterations in the roots and root canal of a mandibular third molar in Bhopal, Central India, on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Methodology CBCT scans of 277 mandibular molars, of both genders, between the ages of 18 and 60 years were assessed for the presence of root numbers, the configuration of the canal based on Vertucci's categorization, and a C-shaped canal. Scan results were analyzed for differences in canal configuration between the roots and topographical distribution. A chi-square test was applied to find any significant differences between the teeth at p 0.05. Results Scans analyzed for variations in the third molar had a mean age of 38.64 + 5.71 years. The majority (95.3%) of the molars had two roots, 1.5% had three roots, and 0.4% had five roots. The mesial side of double-rooted teeth predominantly had Type II canal configuration (67.0%), while it was Type I (79.2%) in the distal aspect of the root. C-shaped canals were detected in 21 teeth, and no significant topographical difference was noted in the CBCT images. Conclusion The majority of the current population showed two roots with the same number of canals in the studied tooth. CBCT can be used as a diagnostic aid in identifying the canal numbers and their configuration so as to render appropriate intervention and minimize subsequent failure.

A Comparative Study of Success Rates of Post and Core Treated Anterior and Posterior Teeth Using Cast Metal Posts.

BACKGROUND: Post and core restorations are performed (generally after treating the root canals of the tooth) when the majority of the tooth structure has been rendered ineffective to support itself/the crown of the tooth. In this clinical study, we aim to compare the difference between post and core treatment of anterior and posterior teeth and their success/failure rates. OBJECTIVE: Our investigation aimed to compare the clinical survival rates of custom-fabricated cast metal post-and-cores in cases of anterior and posterior teeth while controlling for the population's age and gender, type of post material, length of the post, amount of alveolar bone tissue supporting the roots, tooth location in the dental arch, and type of cement used, as well as the effect of opposing dentition and the type of definitive prosthetic treatment received. METHODS: 112 individuals who had received root canal therapy (RCT) and were chosen to receive post and core therapy following their RCT were chosen for the study, and a total of 164 teeth were scheduled to undergo the therapy. All the posts used were made of cast metal, and the patients were divided into two groups: 48 individuals had the posts placed in their posterior teeth (a total of 71 teeth in this case), and the second group was made up of the remaining 64 patients, all with 93 teeth in the anterior region. The follow-up was done twice at a six-month interval after cementation was complete. RESULTS: No significant changes were observed between the stability of the post structures in the anterior and posterior teeth that were examined, and the survival rates were found to be similar in both instances. CONCLUSION: The cast metal posts performed at a similar success rate for the one-year period when the teeth were under our observation, and there were no considerable changes seen statistically. But it must be mentioned that a short follow-up period was observed, so the results might probably see some variations when a longer period of time is taken into consideration.

A Comparative Clinical Study of Methylprednisolone with Ondansetron versus Ramosetron in Preventing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Middle-Ear Surgeries.

Background: One of the most troublesome complications after middle-ear surgeries has been postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). A notable decrease in PONV has been observed with the use of 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonists and glucocorticoids. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of intravenous methylprednisolone and ondansetron with ramosetron alone in preventing PONV in patients undergoing middle-ear surgeries. Settings and Design: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind study that comprised sixty patients in the age group of 18-60 years belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification I or II and undergoing middle-ear surgery. Materials and Methods: With the help of computer-generated randomization table, sixty patients in the age group of 18-60 years belonging to ASA physical status classification I or II and undergoing middle-ear surgery were randomly allotted to receive a combination of methylprednisolone 40 mg (given at the beginning of surgery) and ondansetron 4 mg (given near the end of surgery) (Group MO, n = 30) or ramosetron 0.3 mg (near the end of surgery) (Group R, n = 30). In both the groups, the incidence of PONV was studied. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was utilized to analogize the categorical variables. Independent t-test was utilized to analogize the continuous variables. Results: In the first 2 h after the surgery, the difference between the two groups regarding the incidence of PONV was insignificant. Between 2 h and 24 h, the incidence of nausea was lowered significantly in the group MO compared to the group R (P = 0.01). Between 24 h and 48 h, the incidence of nausea was more in group R compared to the combination therapy group, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: The combination therapy is better than ramosetron alone for the prevention of PONV after middle-ear surgery. Therefore, we advocate a combination of methylprednisolone and ondansetron for prophylaxis for PONV in middle-ear surgeries.

The Status, Need, and Influence of Dental Prosthetics on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in the Geriatric Population: An Epidemiological Survey.

Background An epidemiological survey was conducted among the geriatric population to determine the status and need for dental prosthetics and their influence on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Methodology The study population consisted of 270 patients aged 60 or older. All pertinent demographic information, clinical data on prosthesis status and need, and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-14 questions to assess OHRQoL were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire written in the patient's native tongue. In addition, a type 3 oral examination was performed on a sample of the geriatric population. Results The OHRQoL was found to be unaffected by the prosthetic status. However, there was a strong correlation between the elderly study population's OHRQoL and the need for a prosthetic. Of each variable in OHRQoL, physical pain, discomfort when eating, and loss of taste were the most affected in this population. Conclusions The prosthetic needs of the study population must be given high priority as there are many unmet needs. The concerned health departments need to seriously consider increasing facilities with an affordable system. There is a lack of appreciation for OHRQoL. However, given that a satisfactory clinical assessment of the mouth does not always indicate good oral health status, the justification for evaluating dental care with respect to oral well-being is compelling.

Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour of the maxilla - A rare case report.

A calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour (CEOT) is a rare benign odontogenic tumour, which was first described by J. J. Pindborg in 1955, hence it is also called the Pindborg tumour. It constitutes less than 1% of the entire odontogenic tumours and 0.4-3.0% of all intraosseous tumours. The origin of CEOT is still unclear. It may be derived from the oral epithelium, reduced enamel epithelium, stratum intermedium or remnants of the primitive dental lamina. Surgical management is usually enucleation and the recurrence rate is 15%. In this case report, we have described a case of CEOT that occurred in the left posterior region of the maxilla in a young adult male which clinically appeared as a peripheral lesion but radiological findings showed a central variant.

Prevalence of oral lichen planus in patients with hypothyroidism versus non-hypothyroidism - A case control study of 1000 cases.

Background: The oral cavity is a unique environment where systemic maladies may be amplified by the oral mucosa. Oral diseases are usually local, but may also be the sign of systemic disease. Oral lesions are mostly one of the first indications of a systemic problem. Lichen planus (LP) is an inflammatory disease that involves the skin and mucous membrane. It is one of the most common oral diseases that manifest itself in the oral cavity. The exact cause of oral lichen planus (OLP) is unknown, but the immunologic system plays a leading role in the pathogenesis. It is well documented that OLP represents a cell-mediated immune response. Materials and Methods: The study population was drawn from the patients attending the outpatient Department of General Medicine and Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology with a total of 1000 subjects, out of which 500 subjects were clinically diagnosed with hypothyroidism and 500 subjects were without the history of hypothyroidism. The data collected was compiled and analysed to obtain the result. A Chi-square test was used to compare the categorical variables and the analysis was carried out on SPSS 16.0 version. Results: The study revealed an increased prevalence of OLP in hypothyroidism. Cases clearly had a predilection of 2.37 times more tendency to develop OLP as compared to the control. Conclusion: To conclude, it seems that OLP was more prevalent in hypothyroid individuals, especially in females in the third and fourth decades of life.

Comparison of Different Doses of Clonidine as an Additive to Intrathecal Isobaric Levobupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Infraumbilical Surgeries.

BACKGROUND: Spinal anesthesia is a safe, reliable, and inexpensive technique with the advantage of providing surgical anesthesia and prolonged postoperative pain relief, and it also blunts autonomic, somatic, and endocrine responses to surgical stimulus. AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy 15 µg and 30 µg of intrathecal clonidine along with 3 mL of 0.5% isobaric levobupivacaine in comparison with plain 0.5% isobaric levobupivacaine. SETTING AND DESIGN: The prospective, interventional, randomized, comparative, double-blinded study was conducted after obtaining approval from the institutional ethical committee. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-five patients posted for elective lower-limb orthopedic surgeries were randomly divided into three groups with 25 patients in each group as L (levobupivacaine 0.5%), LC-15 (levobupivacaine 0.5% + clonidine 15 µg), and LC-30 (levobupivacaine 0.5% + clonidine 30 µg). All the patients were given spinal anesthesia using the study drugs, and various parameters were monitored. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The three groups were compared statistically using analysis of variance and Student's t-test (independent samples t-test). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference among the three groups with respect to the onset of time for maximum sensory blockade and duration of analgesia. A statistically significant difference was noted among the three groups with respect to the onset of time for maximum motor blockade. CONCLUSION: Both doses of clonidine produced prolonged sensory block compared to the control. It has been found that 30 µg of clonidine as an adjuvant has produced faster onset and prolonged duration sensory block compared to 15 µg of clonidine.

Protocol for Clozapine Rechallenge in a Case of Clozapine-Induced Myocarditis.

OBJECTIVE: Protocol for clozapine rechallenge in patients with a history of clozapine-induced myocarditis. METHOD: Clozapine-related cardiovascular adverse effects including myocarditis and cardiomyopathy have limited its widespread use in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Here, we present a case of clozapine-induced myocarditis and successful cautious rechallenge. Ms. AA, a young female patient with severe psychosis developed myocarditis during her initial clozapine titration phase, which was thus discontinued. Subsequent response to other medications was poor, and she remained significantly disabled. We reviewed blood-based biomarkers identified during the emergence of her index episode of myocarditis and developed a successful clozapine rechallenge protocol, based on careful monitoring of changes in these indices and a very slow clozapine re-titration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: This protocol may have utility in the management of patients with a history of clozapine-induced myocarditis.

Storage influence on the functional, sensory and keeping quality of quality protein maize flour.

Apart from nutritional values functional and sensory properties affect the behavior of food system and its acceptability for consumption during storage. Hence keeping quality of maize flour (HQPM-7) with and without lime treatment(control) was studied in terms of functional (bulk density, pH, swelling capacity, water and oil absorption capacity, least gelation concentration, peroxide value), sensory (appearance, color, taste, texture, mouth feel and overall acceptability) and rolling parameters (water absorption by flour, rolling quality, diameter after baking ) for a period of 6 months under room temperature (25 ± 5 °C) in two types of packages viz, LDPE cover (P) and plastic box (B). Physical parameters such as length, breadth and thickness (11.26-10.52 mm, 9.67-9.14 mm, & 4.72-3.95 mm) were reduced in lime treated grains compared to control. Significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in ash content of lime treated flour (1.67 ± 0.01 g) was observed compared to control (1.5 ± 0.02 g). Calcium content of lime treated maize flour increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) from 48 to 136 mg. There is a significant reduction in functional properties of flour after 3 and 2 months irrespective in polyethylene cover and plastic box. The properties like rolling quality, diameter after baking and water uptake by the flour were reduced significantly (p ≤ 0.05) after 4 months of storage in treated and after 1 month in control samples. Sensory scores of roti (dry pan cake) decreased significantly after 3 months of storage with an overall acceptability score of 4.0 and 3.4. In control samples mean taste (3.6), mouth feel (3.8) as well as OAA scores (3.8) decreased after second month. Hence lime treated maize flour with added nutritional benefits is suitable for making rotis of good palatability and can be stored in LDPE covers up to 3 months.

Familial florid cemento-osseous dysplasia: a rare manifestation in an Indian family.

Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) is one of the uncommon dysplasias affecting the maxillofacial region. The age group may vary from 19 to 76 years and typically presents in the 4th and 5th decades. In most cases patients do not have hereditary basis of disease, and only a few familial cases have been documented. As far as we know this is the 1st reported case of familial FCOD in an Indian family. The mother and son exhibited multiple sclerotic masses in both jaws. The mode of transmission appeared to be autosomal dominant with variable phenotypic expression.

Actualización en trastorno bipolar: la evidencia conduce al cambio en los algoritmos de manía y depresión / Bipolar update: evidence is driving change in mania, depression algorithms

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Light has no role in spermatogenesis in the frog Rana cyanophlyctis (Schneider).

The effect of 3 months exposure to short day length (L:D, 9:15) on spermatogenesis in R. cyanophlyctis was studied. There was no difference in the qualitative and quantitative aspect of spermatogenesis between control frogs exposed to ambient photoperiod (L:D, 12.16:11.44) and frogs exposed to short day light. The present findings indicate that light has no role in spermatogenesis in the frog.

Effect of cyproterone acetate on the testis and epididymis of the lizard, Psammophilus dorsalis (gray).

The effect of cytproterone acetate (CPA) on the testis and epididymis of the lizard, Psammophilus dorsalis has been studied. Treatment with CPA affects spermatogensis and steroid metabolism in the testis. It also causes regression of the epididymis and a decrease in steroidogenic enzyme activity.